Glossary
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Term |
Explanation |
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SmileBooks software |
The SmileBooks software is the software you use to choose, design, and order photo products. |
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3:2 |
The traditional print aspect ration. It is this 3:2 aspect ration that results in the typical 6x4” print size. |
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16:9 |
A TV format introduced in the 90s also known as widescreen. Modern digital cameras which can display images directly on a TV support this aspect for photography. |
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35 mm |
The film type most commonly used in analog photography. A 35 mm negative has a size of 24 x 36 mm and thus an aspect of 2:3. |
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AIC |
Automatic image correction. AIC is a software in the digital photo lab that attempts to automatically correct exposure, white balance and focus errors in digital photos. |
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APS |
Advanced Photo System. A special camera technology and a special film that give photographers the ability to use three different aspects. |
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Arrow keys |
Keys on the computer keyboard with arrow icons for up, down, left and right.
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Aspect |
The relationship between the height and width of a photo. Typically given as "2:3" (two to three) or "16:9" (sixteen to nine).
The photos in the order are exposed on 2:3 format photographic papers; in the case of original formats other than 2:3 the images have a white border at the top and bottom, or on the right and left. |
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Automatic image correction |
See AIC. |
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Background |
The lowest level of a photo product which is filled with a colour, a pattern, or an image. |
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Barcode |
A barcode is a piece of printed information comprising lines and gaps which is machine read using cameras or special barcode scanners and then translated to clear text by cash registers or computers. The barcode typically resolves to a sequence of numbers linked to a specific article. |
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Brightness |
Brightness refers to the subjective perception of light intensity, especially in a photograph. |
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Browser |
Refers to a user interface for Web applications. |
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Burning devices |
Refers to a CD or DVD writer on a computer. These are drives which use laser light to write optical media (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray). |
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Burning speed |
This refers to the burning speed supported by your CD burning device or your CD-R/CD-RW media. |
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Button |
In computing this refers to an area that can be clicked using the mouse. |
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Cache |
A cache is a fast memory area which temporarily stores a copy of some data for ongoing, or repeated, use to avoid the need to load the data again from the original source. |
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Canvas |
A canvas is a piece of white coated cloth mounted on a wooden frame which is typically used in painting. |
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Capacity bar |
Green indicates the percentage of images used, and red the percentage of images that will not be used. |
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CD-R |
Compact Disc Recordable. Refers to a write-once CD. |
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CD-RW |
Compact Disc Recordable. Refers to a write many CD. |
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CD image |
A reproducible copy of a CD on another medium, such as a hard disc. |
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Clipart |
A clipart is an image file in vector format, i.e. it is not composed of individual pixels like a photo, but of mathematical descriptions of curves, lines, and geometric shapes.
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Clipboard |
A memory space used by the computer operating system or a computer program to cache data for later use. |
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Collage |
This was originally an art form in which cuttings from images and newspaper articles, or other objects, were glued on a background to form a work of art. Examples of collages:
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Colour intensity |
The colour intensity can be modified by means of digital image editing. To do so, the brightness of a preselected hue is changed. This can affect the image quality; the same rules that apply to brightness in general, however, restricted to a specific hue. (There is no such thing as redder than red.) |
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Community |
A community is a group with common interests, experience and knowledge, typically on the Internet today (online community). |
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Content |
In the SmileBooks software, content refers to a pre-designed photo product (or part of it) to which users add their own data (photos, text). |
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Contrast |
The contrast is the difference between light and dark pixels. A high contrast image is typically considered more "brilliant" (luminous). |
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Copy (IT) |
A command for the operating systems clipboard. |
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Corner handle |
In IT/computer graphics, this refers to the handle at the corner of an object frame. You can hold down the mouse button to drag the handles and thus scale the object proportionally. (See arrows)
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Cover |
The cover of a photobook are its outer pager with the spine in the centre. The spine is the narrow section of the photobook which is visible when place on a book shelf. |
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Crop |
A border is cut away around the photo. The border can be part of the photo itself. Example:
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Crop |
Cutting off part of an image to achieve a specific aspect, to emphasize an element at the center of the image, or to remove undesired parts of the image at the edge of the image. |
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Ctrl key |
"Control" key on the computer keyboard.
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Cursor |
The cursor marks the current editing position on screen. For text input, depending on the program or operating system you use, this is a flashing vertical I bar, a flashing underscore, or a flashing square. The text cursor indicates the position the next letter you type will appear. A mouse cursor can be an arrow, a hand, an arrow with a question mark, etc. The computer mouse movements on the table are converted to mouse cursor movements on the screen. |
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Cut (IT) |
A command for the operating systems clipboard. Cut means that a file or object is removed from its current position and stored in the clipboard. |
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Deco Poster |
In contrast to a "normal" poster, which is simply a large printed photo, the deco poster gives you additional design options. You can, e.g. combine multiple images (collage), or add text. |
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Del key |
"Del" key on the computer keyboard for deleting selected items, or text to the right of the text cursor.
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Design |
A design is an artistic draft. In the SmileBooks- software, a design is a pre-defined layout template to which you can add your own content (photos, texts). |
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Directory |
A directory is a structure for organizing files on a hard disc. Also known as a folder. |
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Directory browser |
A program for navigating the directory tree. Referred to as the Explorer on Windows. |
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Directory tree
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A directory tree is a organizational structure on the hard disc in which the directories and subdirectories spread like the branches of a tree. |
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Double click |
Two clicks of the left computer mouse button in quick succession. (In the case of left handed computer mice, the right button.) |
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dpi |
Dots per inch. States how many pixels per inch (=2.54 cm) exit in the output. A resolution of 72 to 96 dpi is sufficient for on screen display; the resolution for high quality prints can be up to 360 dpi. dpi is referred to as the relative resolution as it changes proportionally with the display size in contrast to the absolute resolution which specifies the total number of pixels in an image (e.g. 1024 x 768 px). |
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Drag (the mouse) |
Moving objects on screen by moving the computer mouse while holding down the mouse button. |
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Drop-down menu |
A menu window that drops down to display the commands available for the selected object. |
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Duplicate |
An image or file that is available twice with the same (or almost the same) content. |
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Editor |
In IT this generally refers to a program for entering/composing and editing data or objects. |
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Esc key |
"Escape" key on the computer keyboard for quitting the computer command that is currently running.
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EXIF data |
"Exchangeable Image File Format", a standard used to store additional information (meta data) in an image file. The Exif data often includes the camera settings (make, type, focus, exposure time, shutter speed, etc.), and keywords for finding and sorting the image files along with additional information such as the geodata, or the copyright. |
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Explorer |
A software provided by the user interface for file and directory management. Also known as a file manager. |
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Exposure |
In photography, exposure relates to the amount of light that strikes a film or camera sensor. It depends on the exposure time and on the camera shutter setting, but also on the sensitivity of the film or sensor. |
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Firewall |
This is a hardware or software that controls (filters) the exchange of data between computers and networks, and attacks by viruses, Trojans and hackers. |
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Font |
A font is the graphical representation of a typeface.
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Font size |
The font size refers to the distance between the lower edge of a font (e.g. in "p") and the top edge of the font (e.g. capital letters), and is typically quoted in point (pt). |
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Font style |
The font style is the font mark-up: normal, bold, italics, bold italics. |
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Format |
This means: "To give something a shape". this relates to all objects where you can modify the "Format", e.g. the position or size of an object, or a font in the case of text. |
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Gamma value |
In the case of the gamma value, the mean colour brightness curve is manipulated. The advantage is that it does not change the darkest and lightest pixels. However, the brightness values between them are shifted, making the lighter or darker. This is not a linear process, but a curve that flattens at both ends of the brightness curve, that is, the brightness values in the middle of the brightness curve are shifted more than the values at the end of the brightness scale. |
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Geodata |
Geodata refers to the positional data on the earth such as the longitude and latitude. |
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Grayscales |
This is the equivalent of a black and white image in photography. |
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Grid |
A pattern of lines displayed to help the user position objects in the photo editor. Objects snap to the grid intersections. |
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Grouping |
Organizing of files in groups by date of creation, or similarity of image content (colour values, colour distribution). |
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Hue |
In the photo viewer image editing software, this is an adjustable value that defines the colour to apply to a photo. A second slider lets you set the intensity of the applied hue. |
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Icon (IT) |
In computing, an icon is a symbol or a simplified graphical representation as a button that triggers an action or command.
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Image format |
1. The size and/or resolution of an image. 2. The file format in which the image was stored, e.g. JPG. |
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Mask |
In the SmileBooks software, a mask is a grayscale image, also known as a image masks, which defines the transparency of an image. |
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ISO image |
A reproducible copy of a CD in ISO-9660 format on another medium, such as a hard disc. ISO 9660 is standard CD format which many burning programs support. |
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JPG |
Is a file format which is particularly suited to photos and capable of displaying over 16 million colours. |
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Keywords |
Keywords (under "Info" in the photo viewer) add generic terms as keywords to a document (e.g. an image file): later on you can search for and sort by these terms (in your operating system's explorer). In the Windows photo gallery, keywords are referred to as "Selections". |
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Layout |
When designing printed products (newspapers, brochures, posters, etc.) the traditional technique was to cut out texts and images on a background (e.g. a blank newspaper page), in order to decide how to arrange these elements in printing. |
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Layout frame |
A placeholder in the layout into which a photo is inserted. |
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Layout template |
A pre-defined arrangement of layout frames and text windows which can be re-used multiple times. |
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Message window |
A message window appears when the software wants to draw your attention to something. You typically need to press a button to acknowledge the message. |
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Move |
This refers to moving and object using the computer mouse. |
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Multicolour background |
Special backgrounds available in 36 colours/scales in the SmileBooks software and that can be inserted into a layout. |
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Object |
In philosophy, an object is an entity that is acted upon. |
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Operating system |
An operating system is the software that makes a computer accessible to users. It controls the hardware (hard discs, display, keyboard and mouse) and manages other software and data. Examples: Microsoft Windows, Unix, Linux, MacOS. |
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Options |
Options are settings that define how the software should perform a certain action. Options are set via drop-down lists, radio buttons and checkboxes. Examples:
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Order |
This refers to the order in which objects are superimposed in a layout. |
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Original format |
This refers to the aspect of your original photo. |
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Paragraph (Text) |
A paragraph is an area of text between two manual newlines (Enter key presses). |
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Paragraph format |
A paragraph format is a text format that relates to a whole paragraph. This particularly includes the text alignment (left, right, centered). |
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Image Masks |
In the SmileBooks software, an image mask is a digital template that makes part of an image transparent, e.g. the part of an image that protrudes beyond an oval frame. |
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Paste (EDV) |
A command for the operating system's clipboard. |
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Photo community |
A community of people on the Internet who share a hobby such as "Photography" or "Image editing". |
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Photo gift |
Specific photo products that are useful as presets: drinkware (mugs, glass mugs, etc), greetings cards, wall and desk calendars, diaries, textiles (t-shirts, baby bibs, aprons, cushions), mouse pads, puzzles, playing cards, cuddly toys, key rings and decoration articles. |
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Pick up at local branch |
This means that you can hand in your photo order to a dealer (or to your dealers local branch). It is picked up there along with other photo orders and goes to production. |
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Pixel |
A pixels is a single dot in an image; the smallest unit in a digital photo. |
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Premium photo |
This is a print on high quality photo paper. |
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Preview image |
A thumbnail of an image or another file (e.g. the pages in a photo book). |
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Print (photo) |
This is a term from analog photo development and refers to the results of contact coping, enlargement or exposure of a negative on photo paper. |
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Product |
In the SmileBooks software, a product is a ready-to-order, compiled photo article. |
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Proxy |
A proxy links various networks, e.g. a company network and the Internet. |
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Quality display |
The quality display indicates whether the resolution of a photo at the required size is sufficient to ensure good image quality when exposed or printed. |
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Redeye |
The "redeye effect" occurs in flash photography. The flash is reflected on the subject's (an animal's or human's) retina and makes the inside of the eye show red. |
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Redo |
In the editor, this restores the state that existed prior to the previous undo action. |
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Resolution (digital photo) |
A digital photo comprises individual pixels. The number of pixels is referred to as the absolute resolution. The higher the resolution the more granular the details are at a larger scale, and the size of the image file on disc. The quality display indicates whether the resolution of a photo at the size used in the SmileBooks software is sufficient for printing. This relates to the relative resolution, that is, to the pixel density during output. See "dpi". |
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Rotate |
In the SmileBooks software rotating an object (layout frame, image, text field) in the product editor, either in 90° steps via corresponding buttons or drop-down menu commands, or free rotation by holding down the mouse button and dragging the frame around its rotation point. |
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Rotation handle |
In IT/computer graphics, this is a handle that lets the user rotate an object about its midpoint. (See arrow)
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Saturation |
Refers to the intensity of the colour in a photo. |
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Scale |
Change the size of an object. |
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Scroll box |
Scroll boxes appear at the side or bottom edge of the program window, if the content does not fit into the program window due to, say, the high zoom factor. |
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Select |
Selecting means marking an object to which the subsequent commands are applied. |
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Selection field |
Also known as a drop-down list. An example is shown here:
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Selection frame |
A frame drawn by dragging the mouse to select objects. The frame here was drawn from bottom right to top left (see the mouse pointer).
All objects that are at least partly in the selection frame are selected. |
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Sepia |
Sepia is originally a natural reddish, brown dye made from squid ink; it was used in ancient times for ink drawings, or as ink for writing. |
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Shift keys |
Keys on the computer keyboard. Typically used to type upper case letters, or to access a second set of key assignments.
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Shopping basket |
The shopping basket in a shop system collects and lists the products which you can order online or on a CD. The name is explained by the fact that you can deposit the products you want to order here just like in a real shopping basket. The shopping basket is typically represented by a shopping basket icon. After filling your shopping basket, you can proceed to order. |
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Side handles |
These are the tags at the midpoint of the borders of a layout frame which you can click and drag with the mouse. Doing so changes the height or width of a frame.
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Slider |
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Smiley |
The "smiley" is a very popular, iconic, graphical representation of a smiling face. Has enjoyed cult status since the 70s. Also known as an emoticon.
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Sort by colour |
Sort by colour in the SmileBooks software reads the colour values of the images in a directory, compares the ascertained values with each other and groups the images with similar colours. |
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Source code |
For websites, the HTML text display including instructions for rendering in the Web browser (commands and attributes). |
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Standard photo |
This is print on normal photo paper. |
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Storyboard |
A storyboard is a graphical sequence of individual views of a media product, like the settings for a movie script, for example. |
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Subdirectory |
This is a directory within another directory (within another directory ...). Also known as a subfolder. |
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Tab |
This term refers to the sub-headings in a program window which can be organized horizontally at the top or vertically at one side of the program window (see below).
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Text box |
This is a frame in which you can enter, align and format text. |
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Text cursor |
A text cursor marks the insertion point in a text (editor). This is where new text that is written appears. |
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Thumbnail |
Thumbnails are miniature views of normal sized photos, layouts, documents, etc.. Also referred to as a preview image. |
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Toolbar |
The area of a software's user interface in which buttons with commands for creating or editing objects are grouped. Also known as a toolbox. |
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Tooltip |
A small text window that pops up when you hover the mouse over an icon. Gives a short clear text explanation of the function of the icon. |
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Traditional image format |
The taditional aspect of an analog photo is 3:2. |
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Undo |
In the editor, this restores the state prior to the previous action. It undoes the previous action. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Update |
Install a new version of a software or specific data (e.g. price lists). Settings that existed previously are typically kept. The new version is often downloaded off the Internet. |
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User account |
Users require accounts to access IT systems. The user is required to log in using an ID (often their email address) and a password, and is then given specific rights on an IT system. The user account typically stores additional information for the user, e.g. their name and address, to avoid the need to re-enter this information for each order. |
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Vector graphic |
A vector graphic is a computer graphic that does not comprise individual pixels but is made up of simple geometric shapes such as circles, squares, polygons, arcs and curves. |
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Voucher |
Vouchers are distributed in the course of advertising or as special low price offers. |
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White balance |
White balance in photography refers to the act of adjusting the colours to match the colour of the light at the location where the photo was taken to achieve as natural a look as possible. |
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White gap |
A term used in printing. |
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Wizard / Assistant(IT) |
A wizard or assistant is a program that guides the user through specific steps. |
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Zoom (IT) |
Enlarge or reduce the size of the screen content. |